Ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k, v\u00fccudun ba\u015fta mikroorganizmalar(mikroplar) olmak \u00fczere her t\u00fcrl\u00fc yabanc\u0131 Maddeye kar\u015f\u0131 verdi\u011fi yan\u0131t\u0131 tan\u0131mlamak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131ktan sorumlu h\u00fccre ve maddeler ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k (savunma) sistemini olu\u015fturur. V\u00fccudumuzun kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 her t\u00fcrl\u00fc yabanc\u0131 maddeye kar\u015f\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k sistemimizin \u00e7e\u015fitli b\u00f6l\u00fcmleri kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 ve d\u00fczenli haberle\u015ferek ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131k cevab\u0131 olu\u015ftururlar.<\/p>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k cevap; v\u00fccuda yabanc\u0131 organizman\u0131n girmesinin engellenmesi, e\u011fer v\u00fccuda girmi\u015f ise yay\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 engellenmesi ve mikroplar\u0131n ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 gibi b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerden olu\u015fur.<\/p>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Genel olarak ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k sistemi farkl\u0131 i\u015flevlere sahip iki b\u00f6l\u00fcme ayr\u0131larak incelenir.<\/p>\n
1. Do\u011fal ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n
2. Kazan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k<\/p>\n
Bireyi, muhtemel tehlikeli mikroplardan koruyan ve \u00e7o\u011fu bu mikroplarla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fmadan zaten v\u00fccutta bulunan koruyucu mekanizmalar do\u011fal ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 olu\u015ftururlar. Do\u011fal ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k elemanlar\u0131 mikroplara kar\u015f\u0131 ilk basamak savunmay\u0131 yaparlar ve \u00e7o\u011fu zaman mikroplar\u0131n ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131nda tek ba\u015f\u0131na yeterli olabilir.<\/p>\n
Deri ve mukozal membranlar(h\u00fccreler aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkiyi sa\u011flayan zarlar )ve h\u00fccre y\u00fczeyleri enfeksiyonlara(iltihaplara) kar\u015f\u0131 hayati \u00f6nemi bulunan Mekanik bir engel(duvar) olu\u015fturur. V\u00fccudun i\u00e7eriden ve d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan kaplayan bu y\u00fczeylerde bulunan do\u011fal bakteriler(bir \u00e7e\u015fit mikrop t\u00fcr\u00fc) \u00fcrettikleri maddelerle hastal\u0131k yap\u0131c\u0131 mikroplar\u0131n v\u00fccuda yerle\u015fmesine engel olurlar. Ortam\u0131n Asit yo\u011funlu\u011fu da hastal\u0131k yapan mikroplar\u0131n v\u00fccuda yerle\u015fmesine ve \u00e7o\u011falmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 engel olu\u015fturur. \u00d6rne\u011fin mide asidi mide yoluyla girebilecek mikrop say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 10\u201310 000 kat azalt\u0131r. V\u00fccudumuzun i\u00e7 y\u00fczeyini d\u00f6\u015feyen h\u00fccrelerimizin y\u00fczeyini kaplayan yo\u011fun i\u00e7erikli tabaka ve di\u011fer salg\u0131lar\u0131n normal ak\u0131\u015f y\u00f6n\u00fc; v\u00fccudun mikroplardan temizlenmesine yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur. \u00d6rne\u011fin \u00f6ks\u00fcr\u00fck ve birlikte \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan yo\u011fun i\u00e7erikli s\u0131v\u0131(balgam) solunum yolar\u0131ndan yabanc\u0131 cisimlerin ve mikroplar\u0131n \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 olan ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k sisteminin bir par\u00e7as\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130ltihap alan\u0131nda \u00fcretilebilen baz\u0131 mikroplara kar\u015f\u0131 maddeler enfeksiyonu engeller. T\u00fckr\u00fck, rahim salg\u0131lar\u0131 ve s\u00fctte bulunan baz\u0131 maddelerin de mikroplar\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc \u00f6zelli\u011fi vard\u0131r. Salg\u0131lar\u0131n i\u00e7indeki baz\u0131 maddeler de mikroplara yap\u0131\u015farak v\u00fccuda yerle\u015fmesini ve \u00e7o\u011falmas\u0131na engel olurlar.<\/p>\n
Ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k sisteminin temel unsurlar\u0131; kemik ili\u011fi, Akyuvarlar, tim\u00fcs, lenf d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmleri ve dalakt\u0131r. Akyuvarlar lenf d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmleri(ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k sistemine ait v\u00fccudun farkl\u0131 yerlerinde bulunan yumrular), dalak, tim\u00fcs ve kemik ili\u011fi aras\u0131nda s\u00fcrekli olarak dola\u015f\u0131p dururlar. Akyuvarlar, kemik ili\u011finde \u00fcretilip, kana sal\u0131n\u0131p v\u00fccuda da\u011f\u0131lan ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k sisteminin askerleridir. L\u00f6kositler(beyaz kan h\u00fccreleri) kan damarlar\u0131nda dola\u015f\u0131rken ald\u0131klar\u0131 sinyallere g\u00f6re yabanc\u0131 cisim yada bakterilerin(mikroplar\u0131n) etraf\u0131n\u0131 sararlar ve onlarla sava\u015fa ba\u015flarlar. Akyuvarlar; gran\u00fclositler, lenfositler, monosit ve makrofajlar olmak \u00fczere \u00fc\u00e7 gruptan olu\u015furlar. N\u00f6trofil gran\u00fclositler, mikroplar\u0131n \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmesinden sorumludurlar. Eoznofil gran\u00fclositler deri ve akci\u011ferlerdeki parazitlerle sava\u015f\u0131rlar. Bazofil gran\u00fclositler, salg\u0131lad\u0131klar\u0131 maddeler ile mikroplara kar\u015f\u0131 iltihabi cevab\u0131n olu\u015fmas\u0131nda ve alerjik cevaplarda rol al\u0131rlar. Lenfositler akyuvarlar\u0131n %40-50 sini olu\u015ftururlar. Kemik ili\u011finde \u00fcretilip Tim\u00fcs denen g\u00f6\u011f\u00fcs kafesinde kalbin \u00f6n\u00fcndeki kesecikte olgunla\u015fan T lenfositleri kanda ve lenf sisteminde dola\u015f\u0131rlar. T lenfositleri mikroplar\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc ve yard\u0131mc\u0131 T lefositleri gibi \u00e7e\u015fitleri vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Lenfositlerin B lenfosit ad\u0131 verilen, kemik ili\u011finde \u00fcretilen ve v\u00fccuda giren her t\u00fcrl\u00fc mikrop ve yabanc\u0131 maddeye kar\u015f\u0131 Antikor denen madde \u00fcretme yetenekleri vard\u0131r. V\u00fccuda yabanc\u0131 bir mikrop, yabanc\u0131 madde girdi\u011finde B lenfosit say\u0131s\u0131 artar ve antikor \u00fcretilir. Antikorlar yabanc\u0131 cisimleri ba\u011flay\u0131p hareketlerini engellerler veya ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k sisteminin di\u011fer proteinlerinin, mikroplar\u0131 par\u00e7alay\u0131c\u0131 h\u00fccrelerini uyararak ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131k yan\u0131t\u0131 d\u00fczenlerler. B lenfositleri taraf\u0131ndan salg\u0131lanan antikorlar v\u00fccudu ayn\u0131 mikropla ikinci kez hasta olmaktan korurlar.<\/p>\n
B lenfositlerinin T h\u00fccrelerine mikroplar\u0131n par\u00e7alar\u0131n\u0131 tan\u0131tma ve ba\u015fka maddeler salg\u0131layarak di\u011fer ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131k sisteminin h\u00fccrelerini uyarmak gibi g\u00f6revleri vard\u0131r. Do\u011fal \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc h\u00fccreler ad\u0131 verilen kemik ili\u011finde \u00fcretilen vir\u00fcs ta\u015f\u0131yan h\u00fccreleri ve t\u00fcm\u00f6r h\u00fccrelerini \u00f6ld\u00fcren lenfositlerin bir alt grubu da bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Monosit ve makrofajlar akyuvarlar\u0131n %5 ini olu\u015ftururlar. Kemik ili\u011finde monosit olarak \u00fcretilip kan yoluyla dokulara ula\u015f\u0131p makrofaj halini al\u0131rlar. Dokularda yabanc\u0131 cisimleri ve mikroplar\u0131 par\u00e7alama ve sindirme \u00f6zelli\u011fe sahiptirler.<\/p>\n
Lenf d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmleri(yumrular); v\u00fccudun \u00e7e\u015fitli b\u00f6lgelerinde gruplar halinde bulunurlar. G\u00f6revleri v\u00fccuda mikroplar\u0131n yay\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 engellemek veya geciktirmektir. S\u00fczge\u00e7 gibi g\u00f6rev yaparlar. \u00d6rne\u011fin di\u015f veya di\u015f eti iltihab\u0131nda \u00e7ene alt\u0131ndaki lenf bezlerimiz \u015fi\u015ferek belirgin hale gelir. V\u00fccut sava\u015f\u0131 kazan\u0131nca \u015fi\u015flik geriler.<\/p>\n
Dalak, sol kaburga yay\u0131n\u0131n arkas\u0131nda yer al\u0131r. Kan h\u00fccreleri i\u00e7in depo g\u00f6revi yapar, ayn\u0131 zamanda s\u00fczge\u00e7 g\u00f6revi g\u00f6r\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
Tim\u00fcs g\u00f6\u011f\u00fcs kafesinde kalbin \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulunan, yirmi ya\u015f\u0131ndan sonra giderek k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fclen, T lenfositlerinin olgunla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 organ\u0131m\u0131zd\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Kemik ili\u011fi kemiklerin orta k\u0131sm\u0131nda bulunan ya\u011fl\u0131 dokudur. B\u00fct\u00fcn kan h\u00fccrelerinin yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 dokudur.<\/p>\n
Ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k sisteminin as\u0131l g\u00f6revi, v\u00fccuda zarar vermeden yabanc\u0131 maddeleri yok etmek ve mikrop par\u00e7alar\u0131n\u0131 temizlemektir. Ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k baz\u0131 enfeksiyonlar\u0131n gizli olarak kalmas\u0131nda ve vir\u00fcs bula\u015fm\u0131\u015f h\u00fccrelerin Kanser h\u00fccrelerine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmesinin engellenmesinde \u00f6nemli rol oynar. Ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131k yan\u0131t\u0131n haf\u0131za(eskiden bir kez kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 mikrobu tekrar tan\u0131ma), \u00f6zg\u00fcll\u00fck(her mikroba ayr\u0131 \u00f6zel yan\u0131t verme) ve sistemik etki (t\u00fcm v\u00fccutta etkili olma) gibi \u00f6zellikleri vard\u0131r. Hastalan\u0131ncaya kadar fark\u0131nda olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z, her an m\u00fckemmel olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan karma\u015f\u0131k bir sistem olan ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k sistemimizin; mikroplara kar\u015f\u0131 sava\u015f\u0131 kazanabilmesi i\u00e7in bizlere de g\u00f6revler d\u00fc\u015fmektedir. D\u00fczenli ve dengeli beslenerek, stresten uzak durarak, d\u00fczenli spor yaparak, sigara ve Alkolden uzak durarak ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k sistemimizi g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc tutabiliriz.<\/p>\n
HAZIRLAYAN; Do\u00e7. Dr. Abd\u00fclbaki KUMBASAR<\/p>\n
KAYNAKLARAbbas AK, Lichman AH, pober js: Cellular and Mollecular immunology. Philaerpia, WB saunders co. 19 Nossal GJV current \u0131mmunology. The basic components of the immune system. N ENG JMED 316: 1320\u00a0 Cecil text book of medicine. 19 th. ed<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k, v\u00fccudun ba\u015fta mikroorganizmalar(mikroplar) olmak \u00fczere her t\u00fcrl\u00fc yabanc\u0131 Maddeye kar\u015f\u0131 verdi\u011fi yan\u0131t\u0131 tan\u0131mlamak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131ktan sorumlu h\u00fccre ve maddeler ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k (savunma) sistemini olu\u015fturur. V\u00fccudumuzun kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 her t\u00fcrl\u00fc yabanc\u0131 maddeye kar\u015f\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k sistemimizin \u00e7e\u015fitli b\u00f6l\u00fcmleri kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 ve d\u00fczenli haberle\u015ferek ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131k cevab\u0131 olu\u015ftururlar. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k cevap; v\u00fccuda yabanc\u0131 organizman\u0131n girmesinin engellenmesi, e\u011fer v\u00fccuda girmi\u015f ise yay\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 engellenmesi ve mikroplar\u0131n ortadan[Devam\u0131n\u0131 Oku…]<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[22524],"tags":[23128,23129],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/gncz.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13217"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/gncz.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/gncz.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gncz.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gncz.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13217"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/gncz.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13217\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/gncz.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13217"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gncz.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13217"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gncz.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13217"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}