T\u00fcrkiye asbest (amyant) ve erionite ba\u011fl\u0131 hastal\u0131klar bak\u0131m\u0131ndan d\u00fcnyada sorunu b\u00fcy\u00fck olan \u00fclkelerden biridir. Anadolunun k\u0131rsal alanlar\u0131nda \u00e7evresel kaynakl\u0131 asbest ve erionit solunmas\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 hastal\u0131klar\u0131n ve \u00f6zellikle akci\u011fer zar\u0131 kanseri (malign mezOteliyoma)nin yayg\u0131n oldu\u011fu ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Malign mezotelyoma g\u00f6r\u00fclme s\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 di\u011fer \u00fclkelerden bin kat daha fazlad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Asbest lifsel yap\u0131da \u0131s\u0131ya dayan\u0131kl\u0131, kristalize silikat mineralidir. Finlilerin 4000 y\u0131l \u00f6nce \u00e7anak yap\u0131m\u0131nda kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilinen asbestin end\u00fcstriye giri\u015fi ise 1870 y\u0131l\u0131nda Kanada da asbest madeninin bulunmas\u0131yla olmu\u015ftur. 1903 y\u0131l\u0131nda Paris metrosundaki yang\u0131nlar\u0131 \u00f6nlemek amac\u0131yla ilk kez in\u015faat sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Asbestin \u0131s\u0131 ve Elektrik ge\u00e7irmemesi ve s\u00fcrt\u00fcnmeye direnci ve kolay i\u015flenebilir olmas\u0131 nedeniyle de in\u015faat,gemi,ta\u015f\u0131t, tekstil, Ka\u011f\u0131t, petrol gibi bir\u00e7ok sanayi alan\u0131nda kullan\u0131m\u0131 yayg\u0131nla\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r..Tavan, taban d\u00f6\u015femeleri,borular, fren balatalar\u0131, contalar, sahne perdeleri, itfaiyeci k\u0131yafetleri, kuyumculukta kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Asbestin yaln\u0131zca asbest i\u015f\u00e7isi i\u00e7in de\u011fil giysileri ile ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in ailesi, asbest \u00fcreten maden ve fabrikalar\u0131n yak\u0131n\u0131nda oturanlar i\u00e7in de tehlikelidir.<\/p>\n
Erionit asbeste benzeyen, volkanik b\u00f6lgelerdeki Toprakta bulunan zeolit \u00e7e\u015fididir ve asbeste g\u00f6re daha g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc kanserojen oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclen bir mineraldir. Bu toprakta tar\u0131m yap\u0131lmas\u0131, \u00e7at\u0131 ve s\u0131va malzemesi, baz\u0131 yerlerde bebek pudras\u0131 olarak kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 sonucunda bir\u00e7ok hastal\u0131klar olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Orta do\u011fu ve G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Anadolu da \u00f6zellikle Eski\u015fehir, K\u00fctahya, Bilecik, Yozgat, Sivas ve Diyarbak\u0131r temas\u0131n en yo\u011fun oldu\u011fu b\u00f6lge ve \u015fehirlerdir. Karain, Sar\u0131h\u0131d\u0131r, Tuzk\u00f6y de malign mezoteliyoma (akci\u011fer zar\u0131 kanseri) ile erionit ili\u015fkisi Prof. Dr \u0130zzettin Bar\u0131\u015f taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan ara\u015ft\u0131rmalarla ortaya konulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
Solunum yoluyla al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaman hastal\u0131k yapabilir. Ancak asbest yo\u011funlu\u011fu fazla olan sularla y\u0131kanan \u00e7ama\u015f\u0131rlar\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 ya da asbest i\u015f\u00e7isinin i\u015f elbiseleri ile Aile bireylerinin temas\u0131 da hastal\u0131k olu\u015fmas\u0131na neden olabilir. Uzun s\u00fcreli ve y\u00fcksek miktarda asbeste maruz kal\u0131nmas\u0131 ile daha \u00e7ok akci\u011fer, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck miktarda ve zaman zaman kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fmada ise akci\u011fer ve kalp zar\u0131nda hastal\u0131k meydana gelir.<\/p>\n
Asbestin neden oldu\u011fu hastal\u0131klar;<\/p>\n
Akci\u011fer ve kalp zar\u0131nda kal\u0131nla\u015fma, kire\u00e7 birikmesi, S\u0131v\u0131 birikmesi, Akci\u011ferde fibr\u00f6z doku birikmesi ve b\u00fcz\u00fc\u015fme (asbestosis), Akci\u011fer zar\u0131 kanseri (mezoteliyoma) . Akci\u011fer Kanseri\u00a0 Mezoteliyoma asbestle temastan 30- 40 y\u0131l sonra ortaya \u00e7\u0131kabilir. Akci\u011fer zar\u0131n\u0131n selim hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 ise daha erken 10\u201320 y\u0131l i\u00e7inde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kabilir. Mesleksel temasta hastal\u0131k 50\u201370 ya\u015flar\u0131nda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar. Erionit ile \u00e7evresel temas daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ya\u015flarda s\u00f6z konusu oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in hastal\u0131k daha gen\u00e7 ya\u015flarda (40\u201350) ba\u015flayabilir.<\/p>\n
BEL\u0130RT\u0130LER\u0130<\/p>\n
Malign mezoteliyomada nefes darl\u0131\u011f\u0131, g\u00f6\u011f\u00fcs a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131 ve \u00f6ks\u00fcr\u00fck en s\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fclen yak\u0131nmalard\u0131r. A\u011fr\u0131 ve nefes darl\u0131\u011f\u0131 giderek \u00e7ok \u015fiddetlenebilir. Hastal\u0131k ilerledik\u00e7e ate\u015f, terleme, kilo kayb\u0131 ve halsizlik eklenir. Akci\u011fer zar\u0131 kal\u0131nla\u015fma ve kire\u00e7 ve ge\u00e7ici s\u0131v\u0131 birikmeleri genellikle belirti vermez, tesad\u00fcfen \u00e7ekilen akci\u011fer filmi ile ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar. Asbestozis yava\u015f ilerleyen nefes darl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve \u00f6ks\u00fcr\u00fck \u015feklinde belirti verir, ileri a\u015famalarda hastan\u0131n hareketlerini k\u0131s\u0131tlayabilir.<\/p>\n
TANI<\/p>\n
Akci\u011fer filmi, bilgisayarl\u0131 akci\u011fer tomografisi asbeste ba\u011fl\u0131 t\u00fcm hastal\u0131klar\u0131n tan\u0131s\u0131nda yol g\u00f6stericidir. Mezoteliyomada tan\u0131 koymak i\u00e7in bazen sadece akci\u011fer zar\u0131nda toplanan S\u0131v\u0131da al\u0131nan \u00f6rne\u011fin patolojik tahlili yeterli olabilir. Bazen de akci\u011fer zar\u0131ndan yada par\u00e7a al\u0131nmas\u0131 gerekebilir.<\/p>\n
TEDAV\u0130 <\/p>\n
Mezoteliyomada \u00e7ok erken tan\u0131 konulup cerrahi tedavi yap\u0131labilen hasta say\u0131s\u0131 \u00e7ok azd\u0131r. Bu hastalar\u0131n da ya\u015fam s\u00fcreleri 12\u201324 aydan azd\u0131r. Ne yaz\u0131k ki t\u00fcm tedavi y\u00f6ntemleri uygulansa da (cerrahi ve Kemoterapi) tedavi ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131 \u00e7ok d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckt\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
KORUNMA<\/p>\n
Asbestin \u00e7evresel veya mesleksel temas\u0131ndan uzakla\u015ft\u0131ktan y\u0131llar sonra dahi etkileri s\u00fcrmektedir. Y\u0131llar \u00f6nce \u0130sve\u00e7’e g\u00f6\u00e7 eden Karainlilerden 1965\u20131997 aras\u0131nda \u00f6len 18 ki\u015finin 14’\u00fcn\u00fcn (%78) malign mezotelyomadan \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc saptanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye’de mezotelyoma olma riskinin d\u00fcnya ile k\u0131yasland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, erkeklerde 229, kad\u0131nlarda 2004 kat daha fazla oldu\u011fu belirlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Asbest \u00fcretim ve kullan\u0131m\u0131 bug\u00fcn tamamen yasaklansa ve temas edilmesi tamamen \u00f6nlense bile etkilerinin en az 20 y\u0131l daha s\u00fcrece\u011fi bilinmektedir. D\u00fcnyada asbestin kullan\u0131m\u0131 1986 y\u0131l\u0131ndan itibaren yasaklanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye’de ise 2003 y\u0131l\u0131nda 25328 say\u0131l\u0131 y\u00f6netmelikle \u201cAsbestin p\u00fcsk\u00fcrt\u00fclerek kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 ve asbest \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinin \u00fcretim ve i\u015fletmesi s\u0131ras\u0131nda i\u015f\u00e7ilerin asbest liflerine maruz kalabilece\u011fi i\u015fler\u201d yasaklanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ancak bu yasak asbest i\u00e7eren malzemelerin (gemi ve binalar vb) s\u00f6k\u00fcm ve y\u0131k\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 kapsamamaktad\u0131r. S\u00f6k\u00fcm ve y\u0131k\u0131m i\u015flemlerinin de yasak kapsam\u0131na al\u0131nmas\u0131 zorunludur.<\/p>\n
Erionit bulunan Topraklarda ya\u015famamak, konut ve tar\u0131m yapmamak, erionit i\u00e7eren beyaz topra\u011f\u0131 (aktoprak) s\u0131va ve \u00e7at\u0131 malzemesi ve ocak yal\u0131t\u0131m\u0131nda kullanmamak en \u00f6nemli korunma tedbirleridir.<\/p>\n
HAZIRLAYAN; Do\u00e7. Dr. Esin TUNCAY<\/p>\n
KAYNAKLARG\u00f6z\u00fc O,K\u00f6kt\u00fcrk O. Plevra Hastal\u0131klar\u0131. Toraks Kitaplar\u0131 Say\u0131 4,2003. Bar\u0131\u015f Y\u0130, Akay H, Emri S: T\u00fcrkiye de Asbest ve Erionit ile ilgili Hastal\u0131klar. Toraks Dergisi 2007; cilt8,ek1. Metinta\u015f M, Hillerdal G, Metinta\u015f S:Malignant mesothelioma due to environmental exposure to erionite :foolow-up of a Turkish emigrant cohort.Eur RespirJ.1999;13: 523 Asbestle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarda Sa\u011fl\u0131k ve g\u00fcvenlik \u00f6nlemleri hakk\u0131nda y\u00f6netmelik.Resmi Gazete 26.12.2003\/25328 Pedo J,Seidman H, Selikoff.U :Mesothelioma mortality in asbestos workers :implications for models of carcinogenesis and risk assestment. BR J Can 1982 ;45.124 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
T\u00fcrkiye asbest (amyant) ve erionite ba\u011fl\u0131 hastal\u0131klar bak\u0131m\u0131ndan d\u00fcnyada sorunu b\u00fcy\u00fck olan \u00fclkelerden biridir. Anadolunun k\u0131rsal alanlar\u0131nda \u00e7evresel kaynakl\u0131 asbest ve erionit solunmas\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 hastal\u0131klar\u0131n ve \u00f6zellikle akci\u011fer zar\u0131 kanseri (malign mezOteliyoma)nin yayg\u0131n oldu\u011fu ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Malign mezotelyoma g\u00f6r\u00fclme s\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 di\u011fer \u00fclkelerden bin kat daha fazlad\u0131r. Asbest lifsel yap\u0131da \u0131s\u0131ya dayan\u0131kl\u0131, kristalize silikat mineralidir. Finlilerin 4000 y\u0131l \u00f6nce \u00e7anak yap\u0131m\u0131nda[Devam\u0131n\u0131 Oku…]<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[22524],"tags":[23172],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/gncz.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13235"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/gncz.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/gncz.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gncz.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gncz.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13235"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/gncz.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13235\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/gncz.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13235"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gncz.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13235"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gncz.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13235"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}