Milyonlarca y\u0131l \u00f6nce olu\u015fan, g\u00fczelli\u011fin ve esteti\u011fin simgesi elmas, y\u00fczy\u0131llard\u0131r zenginli\u011fin ve geli\u015fmi\u015f zevkin ispat\u0131 oldu. Osmanl\u0131 elmaslar\u0131, eski zaman ihti\u015fam\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6stergesi olarak, ustalar\u0131 azalsa da, hayaller diyar\u0131ndan par\u0131ldayarak g\u00f6z k\u0131rp\u0131yorlar.<\/p>\n
\u0130HA muhabirinin \u00e7e\u015fitli kaynaklardan derledi\u011fi bilgilere g\u00f6re, yerk\u00fcrenin ilk zamanlar\u0131nda y\u00fcksek Bas\u0131n\u00e7 ve yeralt\u0131n\u0131n \u0131s\u0131s\u0131yla olu\u015fan ‘kimberlit’ ad\u0131 verilen erimi\u015f bir kayan\u0131n, yer\u00fcst\u00fcne itilip so\u011fumu\u015f halidir elmas. Kimberlit, y\u00fcksek nispette Magnezyum ve demir bulunduran volkanik kaya kal\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r. Ya\u011f\u0131\u015flar\u0131n ve Hava \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131n \u015fekillendirdi\u011fi ve nehir yataklar\u0131na s\u00fcr\u00fckledi\u011fi elmaslar, kaz\u0131c\u0131lar ve elmas toplay\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131yla ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Elmas\u0131n kazan\u0131lmas\u0131, di\u011fer Minerallerin i\u015flenmesi gibidir. Yaln\u0131z kristaller o kadar bol de\u011fildir. \u00c7ok da\u011f\u0131n\u0131k olup, tespitleri bile g\u00fc\u00e7t\u00fcr. Yery\u00fcz\u00fcne yak\u0131n cevherler oldu\u011fu gibi, 300 metre derinlerde olan cevherler de vard\u0131r. Cevher kayalar\u0131, borular dald\u0131r\u0131larak k\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. \u00c7\u0131kar\u0131lan bal\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131, kumlu cevher iki ameliyeden ge\u00e7irilir. Cevher \u00f6nce yo\u011fun bir S\u0131v\u0131da y\u00fczd\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcr. \u00c7ok a\u011f\u0131r olan Mineraller dibe \u00e7\u00f6ker. Daha sonra kumlu-\u00e7amurlu kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m, bir nevi elekte a\u015fa\u011f\u0131-yukar\u0131 titre\u015fim verilerek, elmas\u0131n dibe \u00e7\u00f6kt\u00fcr\u00fclmesi sa\u011flan\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Ayr\u0131 bir sistemle hem kesilmi\u015f, hem de parlat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f hale getirilebilen yegane Mineral, elmast\u0131r. Bir\u00e7ok elmas kristali, kendili\u011finden p\u0131rlanta olacak \u015fekildedir. Fakat bir k\u0131sm\u0131 da kesilmek zorundad\u0131r. Kesilmesi dikkat ve titizlik ister. Elmaslar\u0131n k\u0131ymeti d\u00f6rt fakt\u00f6rle ilgilidir: Kesilme, renk, b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fck ve m\u00fckemmellik. \u00c7atlak olup olmamas\u0131 da \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc, \u00e7atlakl\u0131k, \u0131\u015f\u0131k giri\u015fini zorla\u015ft\u0131rmaktad\u0131r. Sar\u0131 ve kahverengi elmaslar pek istenmez. Pembe, menek\u015fe rengi ve ye\u015fil elmaslar \u00e7ok makbuldur. Kesilme \u015fekli belki de en m\u00fchim fakt\u00f6rd\u00fcr ve par\u00e7a b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ile k\u0131ymeti artar.<\/p>\n
Bu \u00f6zel ta\u015flar, bir gram\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k 5’te 1’ine denk gelen ‘k\u0131rat’ ile \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcr ve de\u011ferlendirilir. Elmas\u0131n en \u00e7ok bulundu\u011fu yerler olarak, G\u00fcney Afrika (Kimberley’de), G\u00fcney Amerika, Endonezya ve Hindistan say\u0131labilir. 19. y\u00fczy\u0131lda G\u00fcney Amerika ve Afrika’daki elmas yataklar\u0131 bulunmadan \u00f6nce, d\u00fcnyadaki en \u00f6nemli yataklar\u0131n adresi Hindistan’d\u0131. Elmas i\u015flemecili\u011finin ve ticaretinin bu merkezi, Osmanl\u0131 elmaslar\u0131n\u0131n da kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturmu\u015f. 15. ve 16. y\u00fczy\u0131lda elmaslar tek ba\u015f\u0131na de\u011fil z\u00fcmr\u00fct ve yakutla birlikte kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f. Bu y\u00fczden, eski tak\u0131lar\u0131n bozulmalar\u0131 ve elmaslar\u0131n tekrar kullan\u0131lmalar\u0131 sebebiyle o d\u00f6nemden g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze \u00e7ok az say\u0131da \u00f6rnek ula\u015fm\u0131\u015f.<\/p>\n
17. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Osmanl\u0131’n\u0131n merkezi \u0130stanbul’da, Avrupa’da oldu\u011fu gibi yaln\u0131z elmasla bezeli m\u00fccevherler \u00fcretilmeye ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015f. Elmas kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n Alt\u0131n \u00e7a\u011f\u0131 18. y\u00fczy\u0131la denk gelmektedir. Bu d\u00f6neme kadar do\u011fal \u015fekillerine \u00e7ok m\u00fcdahale edilmeyen elmaslar, Avrupa’da ba\u015flayan teknikle \u00f6nceleri alt\u0131 d\u00fcz kesilerek kullan\u0131lmaya ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015f. Daha sonra da geometrik \u015fekil verilerek ta\u015f\u0131n daha \u0131\u015f\u0131lt\u0131l\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmesi sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu t\u00fcr \u0131\u015f\u0131ldayan elmaslara da ‘brilliant’ denmi\u015ftir. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde ‘p\u0131rlanta’ olarak bilinen ta\u015flar\u0131n k\u00f6keni bu kelimedir.<\/p>\n
Osmanl\u0131 elmas i\u015f\u00e7ili\u011fi, 19. y\u00fczy\u0131lda ya\u015fanan k\u00f6kl\u00fc sosyal de\u011fi\u015fimlerden sonra; d\u00fcnyadaki elmas ticaretinin rotas\u0131n\u0131n G\u00fcney Afrika’ya kaymas\u0131yla kaybolmaya y\u00fcz tutmu\u015ftur. Osmanl\u0131 elmaslar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6rneklerini, Topkap\u0131 Saray\u0131 M\u00fczesi’nde g\u00f6rmek ve zaman\u0131n\u0131n en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc imparatorlu\u011funun ihti\u015fam\u0131na \u015fahit olmak yerli ve yabanc\u0131 turistler i\u00e7in her zaman m\u00fcmk\u00fcn.
\n\u0130HA<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Milyonlarca y\u0131l \u00f6nce olu\u015fan, g\u00fczelli\u011fin ve esteti\u011fin simgesi elmas, y\u00fczy\u0131llard\u0131r zenginli\u011fin ve geli\u015fmi\u015f zevkin ispat\u0131 oldu. Osmanl\u0131 elmaslar\u0131, eski zaman ihti\u015fam\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6stergesi olarak, ustalar\u0131 azalsa da, hayaller diyar\u0131ndan par\u0131ldayarak g\u00f6z k\u0131rp\u0131yorlar. \u0130HA muhabirinin \u00e7e\u015fitli kaynaklardan derledi\u011fi bilgilere g\u00f6re, yerk\u00fcrenin ilk zamanlar\u0131nda y\u00fcksek Bas\u0131n\u00e7 ve yeralt\u0131n\u0131n \u0131s\u0131s\u0131yla olu\u015fan ‘kimberlit’ ad\u0131 verilen erimi\u015f bir kayan\u0131n, yer\u00fcst\u00fcne itilip so\u011fumu\u015f halidir elmas. Kimberlit, y\u00fcksek[Devam\u0131n\u0131 Oku…]<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[229],"tags":[1694],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/gncz.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2680"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/gncz.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/gncz.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gncz.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gncz.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2680"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/gncz.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2680\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/gncz.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2680"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gncz.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2680"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gncz.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2680"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}